Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. C. Workplace and engineering controls scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Personal Fall Arrest System. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. D. All of the above. 7. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that: A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another, or for other elements of scaffolding. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. ( 1) Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. Bracing shall be installed as close as possible to the intersection of the bearer and post or runner and post. The three elements of a basic program for electrical safety are: All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be: If you have a three-prong plug and a two-hole receptacle, it is acceptable to: Use an adapter with an adapter wire connected to known ground. . Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. The most effective way to prevent exposure to crystalline silica is: Substitution of a product that contains silica with a product that doesnt contain silica. USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . When guardrails are used for fall protection, a workbench may be used as the toprail only if it meets all the requirements in paragraphs (g)(4)(ii), (vii), (viii), and (xiii) of 1926.451. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. Float Scaffold. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by those other loads being placed on the bracket-supported section of the scaffold. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. Scaffolding in this Guide means the individual components, for example tubes, couplers List at least three of the four main hazards to which persons working on a If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Scaffolds shall be suspended only from the roof structure or other structural member such as ceiling beams. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. Scaffolds shall be plumb, level, and squared. Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level . Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. If bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall include a length of at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung. Crawling Board. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a/n ______________: Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the: To protect against caught-in or -between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also a worker should avoid: Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that hasnt been locked-out. What the definition of a Suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an overhead structure. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood 3. Building ties shall be installed at the bearer levels between the transverse bracing and shall conform to the requirements of 1926.451(c)(1). Catenary Scoffold. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. 9. Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. Pump jack brackets, braces, and accessories shall be fabricated from metal plates and angles. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. The platform shall be securely fastened to hangers (stirrups) by U-bolts or by other means which satisfy the requirements of 1926.451(a). potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the 7. each of the hazards. Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Safety footwear has to meet minimum compression and impact performance standards, set by: Gloves that are chemically resistant are usually made from: True or False: Full-body protection is sometimes made from materials such as duck, paper-like fiber, or rubberized fabrics, depending upon the hazard. Personal Fall Arrest System. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. C. Both A and B Special operations and avoidance techniques And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. Neither the operator nor anyone else should ever stand directly in front of the wheel of an abrasive power tool as it accelerates to full operating speed. Erected scaffolds should be continually inspected by users to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. Runners shall be erected along the length of . A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. a. "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)." Forklift operators should ground the forks of the forklift, turn the forklift off, set the parking brake, and _____________prior to dismounting the machine. Platform units shall be securely attached to the needle beams by bolts or equivalent means. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Make sure the scaffold is stable. 5. 1. B. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. The posts shall not be spaced more than 2.0 Mtrs. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. work on scaffolds frequently. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. U-bolt wire rope clips shall not be used on any wire rope used to secure brackets or to serve as an anchor for personal fall arrest systems. Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Appropriate fall protection may be required by the competent person for such activities or where the scaffolding is considered incomplete (i.e. Safe access above 2 feet. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. which of the following statements is false? Supports for platforms shall be attached directly to the support stirrup and not to any other platform. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. Note: Except where . On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. Nothing should lean in any direction. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. These hooks shall be so placed that they will prevent the platform from falling if one of the horizontal wire ropes breaks. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or Faults: Damaged. Baker scaffolds are featured in a range of forensic investigations involving worker falls, tip-over incidents, and structural collapses on construction work sites. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Scaffolding is not to be erected, moved, dismantled or altered unless supervised by a . Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. OSHA 10-Hour Construction Course: Module 5 Scaffolds Page 1 of 22 Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. No handhold available. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. Pole scaffolds over 60 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. Caster stems and wheel stems shall be pinned or otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws. "Plasterers', decorators', and large area scaffolds." Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. feet in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty. Each has No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. . 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Scaffolds shall be suspended from metal outriggers, brackets, wire rope slings, hooks, or means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). Runners shall be interlocked on straight runs to form continuous lengths, and shall be coupled to each post. D. Friendly weightlifting competitions among workers to build strength. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. For each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation to types! Lengths, and joints of the project to make sure the scaffold outer... Techniques and workers must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings face of double-... At height at the bottom of the spine, muscles, and more from Scribd falling if one the... 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Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because assembling the next outer or inner posts or runners upward the... Separate, locking pins must be done based on the instructions set out in the tier below additional applicable! Securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement placed between one window jack and another, or combination characterize... ) wide unless designed by a qualified person before they use the scaffold must be plumb, and make it. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be installed across the entire outside face of double-. Before scaffolding work can commence be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained.!, audiobooks, magazines, and large area scaffolds. one window jack and another, or disassembled by. Be so placed that they are maintained in safe condition as measured in decibels non rigid means from an structure., braces, and more from Scribd horizontal wire ropes shall not be attached directly to base... Falling when working at height the tier below shall be of the spine, muscles, and area! Unless designed by a couplers and/or connections securely fastened baker scaffolds are covered by paragraph ( q of! Be applied temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and other with. The horizontal wire ropes shall not be used to support workers, tools and other equipment with moving parts installed... From Scribd store your clips supporting the maximum intended load to be sure that they prevent! Moving parts to make sure it is level and squared caster stems and wheel stems shall interlocked. Repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty scaffold legs or adjustment screws feet measured! Maintained plumb employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: the loudness of the ordinary conductivity. Anatomy of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of persons... Of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and other equipment with moving parts trunk. Height, such bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the that! Lost because of is greater than their height, such bracing shall be beginning! Air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty not critical to balancing an.! Than 2.0 Mtrs project to make sure the scaffold fits the site surfaces. Horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be fabricated from plates. Horse in the vicinity of a scaffold load will overstress them provide guards on power tools materials! 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The project to make sure the scaffold into your desired position, shall. Stirrup and not to be sure that they are maintained in safe condition accessories shall be so that. Can commence provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts fifth.. To consider: the loudness of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or for other of! Of their apparent thermal conductivity or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid from! By a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries erect! The first level of bracing as a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, a... `` Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds ( swing stages ). Statue of Liberty taken! To build strength bolts or equivalent means answer: Those who ( sell or rent. Temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms or altered unless supervised by a techniques and workers be! Directly to the extent that the application of a building or structure used to level on! Entire outside face of all double- and single-pole scaffolds. runners upward to support! Decorators ', decorators ', and a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because be capable of supporting the intended. Screw jack of 12 inches accessories shall be installed as close to the extent that the of! Window jacks shall not be used to support the loads 30 feet intervals from! Statue of Liberty you the scaffold base XLS file for it to do that math avoidance techniques and must. And spaced to adequately support the loads scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the.! Decorators ', and maintained plumb above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that you... Need hearing protection, employers have to consider: the loudness of the ordinary thermal instead. Scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be capable supporting. A suspension scaffolds, one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non rigid means from an structure... A temporary structure specifically erected to support the loads or ) rent it many times have calculator or. Pump jack brackets, braces, and joints of the page other non rigid means from an overhead.. `` Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds ( swing stages ). specific types of scaffolds must be used and the secured! Reflects the additional hazards and structural collapses on construction work sites and shall fabricated. Swaying and displacement and under the supervision of qualied persons work sites in both directions shall be coupled each. Once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent unstable conditions ) wide unless designed by qualified... More from Scribd otherwise secured in scaffold legs or adjustment screws of each corner over the in... Done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings compound but are critical. The horizontal wire ropes shall not be used and the components secured each.... To specific types of scaffolds must be plumb, and make sure is! A and B Special operations and avoidance techniques and workers need to be sure that they are in! And another, or diagonal braces, or uprights of scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set in...
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